Study of Changes in Lipid Profile in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major and global health problem. In majority of cases patients die before reaching End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) due to cardiovascular complications which arise due to altered lipoprotein compositions. Present study was designed to evaluate and compare the serum lipid profile in CKD patient with healthy controls.

In this study 50 CKD patients as cases and 50 healthy patients as control had been included randomly. Serum lipid profile, urea creatinine, Fasting Blood Sugar, Post Prandial Blood Sugar, total protein and albumin were tested in all the cases and controls. The results were analyzed and compared with the controls using Graph Pad Instat software.

Mean and standard deviation of Total cholesterol, Triglyceride Level (TGL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in CKD group and control group was 128.2±53.57 and 142.53±31.44, 157.88±61.82 and 96.98±37.52, 63.23±46.47 and 77.35±26.81, 31.58±12.36 and 19.39±7.50, 33.40±9.06 and 45.95±10.35 respectively. Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) of CKD group was marginally elevated and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) of CKD group was significantly reduced in the patient group as compared to the controls and the results were statistically highly significant with p-value<0.001. Total cholesterol and LDL were lower in the patient group as compared to the controls, however the difference was statistically not significant (p value 0.09 and 0.059 respectively).

Increased TGL and reduced HDL, rather than increased total cholesterol and increased LDL are responsible for the high incidence of cardiovascular complications in CKD patients. Hypolipidemic drugs and low fat diet may be helpful in impeding the progression of cardiovascular complications and decrease mortality and morbidity in such patients.