Sustainable Integrated Farming Systems for Coastal Regions of India

India’s coastal regions, stretching over 7,500 kilometers and home to approximately 196 million people, face numerous environmental and socio-economic challenges. Agriculture is a vital part of the rural economy in these regions, but rising sea levels, soil salinity, waterlogging, and climate variability threaten farm productivity. This review article explores the potential of sustainable integrated farming systems (IFS) as a solution for mitigating these issues. IFS integrates crops, livestock, fisheries, and agroforestry to optimize resource use, enhance soil health, and build resilience against climate-related shocks. By combining modern technologies like precision farming and saline-resistant crops with traditional practices, such as Pokkali and Khazan farming, IFS offers a sustainable path forward for coastal agriculture. The review emphasizes the need for tailored government policies, market access, and technological advancements to ensure the successful adoption of IFS in coastal regions, addressing both ecological concerns and the livelihoods of small and marginal farming communities.