Indian Journal of Dryland Agricultural Research and Development

Multitier system is an effective strategy to deal with food-nutritional security, climate resilience and natural resource conservation especially rejuvenating degraded lands. Fruit-based agroforestry systems are increasingly acknowledged in scientific agricultural practices for their effective integration of perennial fruit trees and annual crops within unit area, promoting the holistic development of farmers alongside sustainable production. Fruit-based multitier systems will augment total production per unit of land, while providing a diverse array of products, year-round employment opportunities, stable revenue, risk diversification, and self-sufficiency. Under rainfed conditions, the integration of fruit trees such as guava and mango with short-duration arable crops, including cereals, legumes, and oilseeds, has demonstrated the highest profitability among other agroforestry systems in eastern India. Mango + mahogany + peach + rice/ragi multitier system have been identified as potential system for farm diversification, resource conservation and income enhancement of farmers in Eastern Plateau and Hill region (Chotanagpur plateau region). Rainfed agroforestry for livelihood security highlights the efficient utilisation of resources in rainfed areas. Advancing agroforestry research findings in rainfed agriculture, along with the development of appropriate policies and increased outreach could enhance outcomes in rainfed agriculture. This article seeks to highlight significant and promising fruit-based multitier systems and their effects considered suitable for rainfed environments.