Nanofertilizers: Advances, Applications and Challenges in Sustainable Agriculture

Nanotechnology based nanofertilizers are engineered materials with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres in at least single dimension, offer a promising alternative to conventional fertilizers in modern agriculture. The use of nanotechnology in fertilizers enhances nutrient use efficiency (NUE), reduces environmental impacts, and promotes sustainable agricultural practices. This paper reviews recent advancements in nanofertilizer technology, their synthesis, and its advantages over conventional fertilizers, environment and health concerns associated with it, challenges and limitations associated with their adoption. The findings highlight the potential of nanofertilizers to revolutionize sustainable farming while addressing challenges related to environmental safety and regulatory frameworks.