Insect Pest Management in Pigeon Pea in Indian Scenario: A Critical Review

Pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (L.), is the second important pulse crop in India and its average national yield (about 712 kg/ha) is disappointingly low in comparison to potential yields of 1.2–1.5 tons/ha in short duration and 2.0–3.0 tons/ha in long duration cultivars. The crop is attacked by more than 250 insect pests but the damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera, Melanagromyza obtusa, Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla gibbosa results in major reduction to grain yield. However, improved cultivation practices along with location specific Integrated Insect Pest Management approach results in enhancement of yield. IPM modules have been developed for different zones under All India Coordinated Research Project on pigeon pea and are being validated and promoted in major pigeon pea growing areas. The climate changes may lead to shift in production areas of the pigeon pea, geographical distribution and population dynamics of these insect pests. The change in temperature and rainfall pattern may affect the components of Insect Pest Management. Hence, a shift in IPM strategies may be required and local knowhow has to be integrated with modern tactics for the effective management.