Bioefficacy and economics of IPM modules against major insect pests of cabbage

The bio-efficacy IPM modules against aphid and diamondback moth were evaluated and the module M₃ (NSKE + Lufenuron + endosulfan) followed by M₁ (spinosad + B.t.k. + endosulfan) and M₈ (NSKE + spinosad + endosulfan) were proved most effective against aphid. But this was next to standard check M₁₀(endosulfan + endosulfan + endosulfan). Modules, M₆(endosulfan + NSKE + lufenuron), M₂(imidacloprid + NSKE + spinosad), M₉ (endosulfan + B.t.k. + lufenuron) and M₇ (imidacloprid + lufenuron + B.t.k.) were found moderately effective and modules M₄ (NSKE + B.t.k. + spinosad) and M₅ (endosulfan + spinosad + B.t.k.) were least effective. Against diamondback moth Module M₁ followed by M₅ and M₉ were proved most effective. Whereas, modules M₁₀, M₈, M₄, M₆ and M₃ were found moderately effective and modules M₇ and M₂ were least effective. The maximum yield of cabbage heads was obtained in module M₁ followed by M₅ however, less than standard check M₁₀ and minimum was in module M₄ and M₇.The highest benefit: cost ratio was obtained in standard check M₁₀ followed by modules M₉, M₃ and M₆ while, it was minimum in module M₄.