Cow urine: A potential biopesticide

Traditionally, cow urine has been used in medicines in developing and less developed countries. Only recently, its properties as pest control agent have been exploited in plant protection. It is mixed generally with cow dung or plant parts and plant-derived products as these combinations proved effective and cheaper than synthetic pesticides. The action of bioactive constituents is exerted on insect development and survival, cow urine can therefore be considered as a potential biopesticide. However, research on isolation of allelochemicals and mode of action of each of them, whether mixed with cow urine or not, and further field trials on bioefficacy against economically important pests attacking agricultural crops are needed.