Potential toxicity of Indigofera tinctoria synthesized iron nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti

Mosquitoes are the most important single category of insects, killing millions of people worldwide each year by spreading a variety of diseases. The principal dengue vector Aedes aegypti, is expected to infect 2.5 billion people worldwide, or more than 40% of the world’s population. According to a WHO survey, 50-100 million cases are reported globally each year. Extensive fumigation of synthetic pesticides to control the mosquito vector in Pakistan during each post-monsoon season greatly increased environmental contamination and the loss of beneficial insects from urban environments. This study looked into the larvicidal and pupicidal efficiency of green synthesized iron nanoparticles against Ae. aegypti. Nanoparticles were subjected to several analyses, including UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX, XRD, Zeta Potential, and DLS. Ae. aegypti, the predominant dengue mosquito, was studied for its larvicidal and pupicidal activities. Indigofera tinctoria produced iron nanoparticles with LC₅₀ values ranging from 4.468 ppm (I instar larvae) to 7.952 ppm (pupae). Laboratory experimental studies on larval body tissues, particularly fat cells, fingernail skin and midgut have been carried out. It has been determined the plant synthesis of iron nanoparticles are harmful to Ae. aegypti larval.