Status of Control of Hemipteran and Coleopteran Pests and Perspectives of Using Cuadb-Based Oligonucleotide Insecticides and Rna Biocontrols

Hemipterans and coleopterans comprise one third of all animals on the planet. Representatives of the orders Hemiptera and Coleoptera are considered as the most serious insect pests in the world. Hemipterans cause substantial damage to plants mainly by transmitting viruses and bacteria, while coleopterans can completely destroy the foliage of the host plant. Hemipteran larvae have a predominantly sedentary lifestyle, while coleopteran larvae are constantly moving. Hemipterans have small body size, thin integument, and incomplete metamorphosis, while coleopterans possess biggest body size among insects, have thicker integument and undergo complete metamorphosis during their life cycle. The biological features of these two orders of insects and high genetic resistance to insecticides contribute to the use of various classes of chemical insecticides (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, diamides, etc.) and various routes of their delivery to pest tissues. New classes of nucleic acid-based insecticides with advanced characteristics are also being developed to expand pest control market, particularly, perspective are oligonucleotide insecticides (contact unmodified antisense DNA biotechnology (CUADb)) and RNA biocontrols (double-stranded RNA technology). CUADb biotechnology currently shows high efficiency against hemipteran pests, and double-stranded RNA technology works best against coleopteran pests, opening new frontiers for safe and effective plant protection.