From Detoxification Mechanisms to Synergist Solutions: Understanding and Overcoming Metabolic Detoxification in Insects

Detoxification of xenobiotics in insects occur in three phases, involving enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, flavin-containing monooxygenases, carboxylesterases, and glutathione S-transferases. These enzymes complicate pest management by playing a crucial role in the development of insecticide resistance in insects. Application of synergists that inhibit detoxification pathways, is an effective management strategy to counter insecticide resistance caused by metabolic detoxification. RNAi-based synergists are gaining traction alongside chemical and plant-based alternatives. Overcoming challenges in developing new synergists and optimizing RNAi delivery at the field level can help limit resistance buildup in insects and promote more sustainable pest management practices while reducing environmental impact.