Post emergent non chemical formulations for weed management in maize

The objectives of the study were to find out the best post emergent non chemical formulations for weed management in maize. Among the weeds, itchgrass ( Rottboellia cochinchinensis ) was dominant. Lower total dry weight of weeds were at 20 days after sowing (DAS) in plots treated with vinegar 20%, followed by traditional formulation @ 10 l ha ^-1 (cow urine + lemon fruit + Terminalia chebula ).At 45 DAS, lower dry weight of weeds was observed in hand weeding twice on 20 and 45 DAS.At 20 DAS, more than 88% weed control efficiency was observed in post emergence application of vinegar 20 % and post emergence application of vinegar 20 + hand weeding on 45 DAS.Among different post emergent non-chemical formulations, higher grain yield (7214 kg ha^-1), lower weed index (1.38%) and higher returns on invest (93.29) wereobtained in post emergence application of vinegar 20% + hand weeding on 45 DAS followed by early post emergence application of traditional formulation @ 10 l ha^-1 (cow urine + lemon fruit + T. chebula ) + hand weeding on 45 DAS.