Energy input-output analysis in wheat, barley and oat productionx

The consumed energy, energy input-output relation of wheat, barley, and oat production in was analysed in Al-Qarneh al-Ghamayj (31° 1' 5.5956'' N and 47° 25' 23.4192'' E.). The irrigation consumed 32.99, 31.83 and 31.96% of the total energy inputs on wheat, barley and oat, respectively. Fuel is the second source of consumed energy in tractors, harvesting engines, pumps being. 8466.21 (27.84%), 9415.03 (28.45), and 8757.33 (28.41) for wheat, barley, and oats, respectively. The fertilizers consumed energy (Nitrogen especially) were 7291.94 (23.98%), 7658.35 (23.14%), and 7444.72 (24.15%) MJ ha^-1 for wheat, barley, and oats respectively. The average energy output for grain wheat , barley and oat was 60469.63, 71960.66 and 70017.61 MJ ha^-1. Barley was the most energy-efficient crop (1.9 %) followed by wheat and oat (1.71 and 1.59 %). Barley yield was 4945.75 Kg ha^-1 with input energy of 37776.46 MJ ha^-1 while wheat yield was 4113.58 Kg ha^-1 with input energy of 38095.52 MJ ha^-1.