Diversity of Epiphytic Fern and Fern Allies in Darjeeling Region of Eastern Himalaya, India

Pteridophytes represent a diverse group of plants which forms an interesting and conspicuous part of the forest ecosystem. In this context, the present study examines the species diversity and composition of epiphytic fern and fern allies in Darjeeling eastern Himalaya. Altogether, 73 species were recorded under 22 genera belonging to 10 families. Polypodiaceae was the most dominant and diverse followed by Pteridaceae. The number of species was plotted against different altitudinal gradients which resulted in hump-shaped species distribution pattern. Maximum number of species richness was recorded from the mid-altitudinal range. Host tree diameter and bark texture had the greatest influence on species diversity. Our finding suggests that bigger host trees having rough bark texture generally sheltered maximum species compared to trees having smooth bark. Additionally, the life form and threat status of fern and fern allies have also been assessed.