Human wildlife competition due to population growth in ecosystem: Principle of coexistence

The estimated population of one horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) of Jaldapara National Park has increased from the year 2019 to 2022, with growth of 23.20%. Excluding National Park area, human Population density of Madarihat-Birpara Block also has been increased from the census year 2001 to 2011 @46.83 people per unit area. Increase of Rhino population density is very meagre during the last 3 years from 2019 to 2022 in the Jaldapara National Park. Here Growth of human population though less significant, but density wise significance is much more than the Rhino population in the ecosystem of the same landscape. Apart from Rhinoceros, increasing population of other herbivores and carnivores are engaged in intra and interspecific competition for space, food and shelter in the fixed area of the National Park of that landscape. Population of wild animal beyond the carrying capacity leads to stray in the adjacent human habitation and ultimately leads to conflict and competition between human and wild animal. It is resulting into injury, death of either wild animal or human. In this fieldbased work during 2019 to 2022, apart from sensitization, awareness creation forest department adopted lots of innovative methods along with the community participation and assured compassionate coexistence between human and wild animal in the same landscape of shared ecosystem.