Catch composition, trade practices and market structure dynamics: In-depth analysis of fish markets in Punjab

A comprehensive fish market survey spanning a year, from September 2021 to August 2022, was conducted in five pivotal markets Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Mohali, and Bathinda in Punjab. The primary objectives of this survey were to collect data concerning Punjab's existing domestic fish markets. The survey was conducted covering uniformly the four seasons i.e. post-monsoon, winter, pre-monsoon, and monsoon. Total 54 fish species were recorded during this survey. The family Cyprinidae emerged as a significant contributor, accounting for 48.86% of the market share by weight. An overwhelming 75.41% of the market share was attributed to fish originating from inland culture and capture fisheries within the state, underscoring the local significance of this sector. Furthermore, approximately 16.71% of the fish available in Punjab markets were sourced from other states, predominantly consisting of freshwater species. Ludhiana exhibited the most diverse range of fish species, boasting a total of 45 fish species, followed by Amritsar with 22 fish species. However, despite the promising market dynamics, several challenges loom large for fish vendors in Punjab. Resolution of these pressing issues is imperative to facilitate further progress and development within the fisheries sector in Punjab.