Enhancing Soil Quality Monitoring for Sustainable Forest Management in Northeast India: Role of Soil Quality Index in Hongmong Conservation Area, Nagaland

Forest degradation in Northeast India has raised concerns regarding soil health, particularly in regions like Nagaland, where forests are vital for indigenous communities’ sustenance. This study aimed to assess soil quality and create a Soil Quality Index (SQI) in Hongmong conservation area, Mon District, Nagaland. Soil samples were collected monthly from November 2020 to October 2021 at different altitudinal zones and analyzed for various parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify a Minimum Data Set (MDS), and SQI was derived using Additive and Weighted methods. There were significant seasonal variation in soil properties across different depths and sites. Soil pH, moisture content, organic carbon, and nutrient levels were significantly influenced by altitude and seasonal changes. Soil bulk density increased with decreasing organic carbon, while clay and silt content increased with altitude. PCA identified key soil factors contributing to soil quality across sites. The creation of SQI revealed variations in soil quality, with both methods providing accurate assessments. The study underscores the importance of SQI in monitoring soil health, aiding sustainable land management practices. Findings highlight the efficacy of SQI in evaluating soil conditions and guiding conservation efforts in Nagaland’s forest ecosystems.