1John Salihu, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Cross Rivers State University, Calabar, Nigeria
2Osita Chukwuma, Consultant, DGS Technologies, United Kingdom
3Eko Akpama, Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Cross Rivers State University, Calabar, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author, John Salihu, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Cross Rivers State University, Calabar, Nigeria, johnsalihu@unicross.edu.ng
Online published on 12 March, 2026.
This study investigates the dynamic performance of a three-phase induction motor across stationary, rotor, and synchronous reference frames. It evaluates torque-speed characteristics under balanced and unbalanced supply voltage conditions to identify the most appropriate reference frame for simulation in scenarios involving voltage imbalances. The analysis employs park's transformation to simplify the modelling process, with simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink. Flux linkage equations derived from the motor parametric voltage equations are integrated into an embedded MATLAB functions to model the motor's dynamic behaviour. Results reveal that the synchronous reference frame is optimal for balanced conditions, the rotor frame for unbalanced stator voltages, and the stationary frame for unbalanced rotor voltages. Torque-speed profiles remain consistent across frames under balanced voltages, highlighting the robustness of the d-q transformation modelling approach.
Induction Motor, Reference Frames, Balanced and Unbalanced Voltages, Dynamic Simulation, D-q Transformation
