Implementation of RLS Beamforming Algorithm for Smart Antenna System

A smart antenna is actually combination of individual antenna elements and signal processing algorithm. Smart antenna is the most effectively leading innovation for maximum coverage, improved quality and more capacity. Smart antenna technology endeavours to address this problem via advanced technology called Beamforming. Through adaptive beam forming, the base station can form narrower beam toward user that is wanted signal and nulls toward interfering users that is unwanted signals. The weight of antenna arrays can be adjusted in such manner to form adaptive beam to track corresponding users automatically by using Beamforming Algorithm. At the same time to minimize interference due to other users, by introducing nulls in the directions of unwanted user. This paper is focused on adaptive Beamforming approach used in smart antennas and Recursive Least Square (RLS) adaptive algorithm used to compute the complex weights by own simulation and then further implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The performance of the RLS algorithm is analyzed using MATLAB. All results and graphs are simulated using MATLAB software.