Designing and Modelling of Real-Time Identification of Optimal Operating Points in Photovoltaic Power Systems

In this paper we show that, PV cell is a non-linear device made of semiconductor materials. It is rated by its DC output power (watt) and described by coupled non-linear equations. The output from a single PV cell is as low as 12–17 volts, hence to increase that we connect them in different configurations like series, parallel or combination of series and parallel. Its output is affected by various factors like solar radiation(S), cell temperature (T), wind speed (W_s), energy gap (E_g), number of cells in parallel (N_p) and series (N_s). After observing the I-V and P-V characteristics we can conclude that by increasing the cell temperature(T) at constant irradiance voltage, current and power output decreases whereas they increases after increasing the solar radiation(S) at constant temperature(T).