Wastewater Treatment with Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland

Water is one of the most important elements involved in the creation and development of healthy life. Haphazard disposal of untreated wastewater from households as well as institutions and industry is causing severe deterioration of water bodies in many urban areas in the developing world. There are several methods to treat the municipal wastewater for intended use. One of the methods of the treatment is constructed wetland. Constructed wetland system for wastewater treatment has been proven to be effective and sustainable alternative for conventional wastewater treatment technologies. In the present study performance of the fabricated model on which the local Amba Nala effluent characteristics like pH, DO, TS, BOD, COD with and without plant species were studied. The bed was studied for the different substrate conditions i.e. for black cotton soil, sandy soil for the detention time of 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 9 days. It is observed that the beds with Typha Orientalis (macrophyte plants) produced effluents of better quality than the bed without Typha Orientalis. The result shows reduction of 75% in total solids, 86% in BOD, 63% in COD using Typha Orientalis and on the other side without Typha Orientalis it was found that there is 70% reduction in total soilids, 62% in BOD and 53% in COD. The planted wetland system shows the better performance than the unplanted system. It is also found that the increasing in the detention period of the wastewater, the removal rate also increases. This study can be extended by setting pilot plant at site.