Discrete element simulation of granular particles and their Numerical simulation in a rotating cylinder

The objective of this contribution is to present a numerical simulation method to model the motion of a packed bed in a rotary kiln using object-oriented techniques. The method chosen is the Lagrangian time-driven method and it uses the position, the orientation, the velocity and the angular velocity of particles as independent variables. These are obtained by time integration of the threedimensional dynamics equations which were derived from the classical Newtonian mechanics approach based on the second law of Newton for the translation and rotation of each particle in the granular material. This includes keeping track of all forces and moments acting on each particle at every time-step. Contact forces depend on the overlap geometry, material properties and dynamics of particles and include normal and tangential components of repulsion force. The resulting equations of particle motion are solved by the Gear predictor-corrector scheme of fifth-order accuracy. The back ground version of DEM and time integration algorithm are developed and implemented into C++ code. The implementation of timeintegration algorithm is verified by simple test concerning particleparticle, particle-wall interaction for which analytical expression exist. In this paper particle force due to different material property are investigated.