Sensitivity analysis of lead rubber bearing isolator for rc shear frame

A primary goal of seismic provisions in building codes is to protect life safety through prevention of structural collapse. To achieve this goal major factors, which results in uncertainties of the structural responses should be recognized. Uncertainty is generally costly in earthquake engineering because of the large amount of the parameters that should be considered for its calculation. Endurance time method is basically a dynamic procedure that tries to predict seismic performance of structures by analyzing their resilience when subjected to predesigned intensifying dynamic excitations.

In most earthquakes, the collapse of structures like houses, schools, hospitals, historic and public buildings results in the widespread loss of lives and damage. Earthquakes also destroy public infrastructure like roads, dams and bridges, as well as public utilities like power and water supply installations. Past earthquakes show that over 95 percent of the lives lost were due to the collapse of buildings that were not earthquake-resistant. Though there are building codes and other regulations which make it mandatory that all structures in earthquake-prone areas in the country must be built in accordance with earthquake-resistant construction techniques, new constructions often overlook strict compliance to such regulations and building codes. A large number of buildings in India have been constructed without due consideration to earthquake loads. Further, the earthquake loads are also under continual revision in successive revisions of codes. Buildings also deteriorate with time and get damaged due to earthquake, flood, fire, blast, etc. All these circumstances require evaluation and retrofitting of existing building.