Natural Lifeevaluation of the Nanophosphate Lifepo 4/C Battery Chemistry Used in Electric Vehicles

There is currently many different lithiumion chemistries available on the market and several newplayers are in the research and development process;however, none of them is superior to the other chemistriesin all aspects. Relatively low price, long cycle and calendar lifetime, and intrinsic safety of the nanophosphate LiFePO4/Clithium ion chemistry make it possible to consider thischemistry for electric vehicle applications. This paper investigates the lifetime of the nanophosphateLiFePO4/C battery chemistry when it is used forfull electrical vehicles. The investigation is performedconsidering a semi-empirical calendar and cycle lifetimemodel, which was developed based on extended acceleratedlifetime tests. Both capacity and power capability degradationsduring calendar and cycle life ageing are consideredand quantified. Finally, the developed battery cell lifetimemodel is used to study the capacity and power capabilitydegradation behavior of the tested nanophosphateLiFePO4/C battery for two electric vehicle operationalscenarios.