Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
  • Year: 2018
  • Volume: 12
  • Issue: 3

Clinical and paraclinical signs and symptoms of patients with ingested processed cannabis (Majoon birjandi) in the Eastern Iran

  • Author:
  • Reza Afshari1,2, Zohreh Oghabian3, Jelveh Gharavairoodsari4, Saeedeh Khosravi5, Alireza Noorollahi6, Omid Mehrpour4,
  • Total Page Count: 5
  • Page Number: 195 to 199

1BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada

2Occupational and Environmental Health Division, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

3Department of Clinical Toxicology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

4Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Avenue, Birjand, Iran

5Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center

6Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Birjand, Iran

*Corresponding author: Omid Mehrpour Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Moallem Avenue, Birjand, 9717853577 Iran. Tel & Fax: +98-5632381270, Mobile phone: +989155598571 Email: omid.mehrpour@yahoo.com.au

Online published on 16 August, 2018.

Abstract

The pattern of drug abuse varies in different parts of the world. Youngsters in the east of Iran abuse processed cannabis which is an ingredient of a traditional pie called Majoon Birjandi(MB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical signs and symptoms in patients poisoned with MB.

We designed a cross-sectional descriptive study using a standardized questionnaire administered to all cases with MB poisoning who was admitted to the toxicology Emergency department of the Vali-Asr hospital in Birjand, Iran from March 2010–2012. Demographic, medical, psychiatric and electrocardiographic indices, vital signs on admission were studied.

The study included 69 patients aged 23.5 years in average, 64 of whom were men and five women. Patients had consumed a mean of 1.36 (0.8, 0.5–5) pie. All patients were positive to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by urinary immunoassay. Common Symptoms reported according to frequency were sore throat (94.2%) followed by dry mouth (91.3%), flashing (81.2%), panic (75.4%), conjunctivitis (69.6%), vertigo (65.2%), agitation (56.5%). Most patients had mydryasis.

It appears that the major ingredient of MB is cannabis. In comparison to the literatures related to somking cannabis, clinical manifestation of ingesting MB appears later and last longer.

Keywords

Majoon Birjandi, Cannabis, Overdose, Poisoning