Role of DNA in Forensic Identification

Forensic identification of dead and decayed had always posed a problem, as there is any evidentiary material available for forensic analysis. In such cases DNA analysis plays a role in identification of the victims. DNA plays a significant role at various points through the criminal case from the initiation of any investigation till the confirmation of a death. DNA is available in two forms namely the chromosomal DNA present in the nucleus and mitochondrial DNA present in the cytoplasm of a cell. DNA is available from numerous sources in a human body. However, when there is complete decomposition of the body, DNA from dental tissues helps in revealing the identity. DNA from dental tissues can be extracted from dental pulp, cementum and dentin. DNA analysis also forms a prime role in Bite mark analysis when traces of saliva are left behind as DNA is rich in saliva and it helps in identification. This review serves as a primer on the basics of DNA, its application in dentistry and the methods of extraction.