Enhancing dispositional mindfulness and alleviating stress: The role of mindfulness-based stress reduction among elderly residents in old age homes

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week MBSR programme in improving dispositional mindfulness and reducing stress among 300 elderly residents in 20 old age homes located in Salem, Tamil Nadu. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was employed. The study subjects were divided into an experimental group (N=150) and a control group (N=150). The experimental group engaged in an 8-week MBSR programme that included weekly sessions and daily mindfulness exercises. Data were collected at three points: before the intervention (T1), immediately after the intervention (T2), and three months postintervention (T3). Dispositional mindfulness was measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), while perceived stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis involved SPSS for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The MBSR programme resulted in notable improvements in dispositional mindfulness and reductions in stress among participants in the experimental group. The FFMQ scores increased from a mean of 107.4 at baseline to 124.2 following the intervention, and PSS scores decreased from 25.6 to 17. 3. These improvements were primarily sustained at the three-month follow-up, though there was a minor decrease in mindfulness and a slight increase in stress compared to the post-intervention period. The control group exhibited minimal changes. Qualitative feedback revealed enhanced self-awareness, improved emotional regulation, and better overall quality of life among the participants. Based on present findings, it may be concluded that the MBSR program effectively enhances dispositional mindfulness and reduces stress among elderly residents in old age homes. The positive effects were maintained over time, indicating that MBSR could benefit elder care practices. These results support the incorporation of mindfulness-based interventions in institutional settings to enhance the mental health and well-being of elderly individuals.