Flood Hazard Mapping using Aster Image data with GIS

Flood is one of the most devastating natural hazards which lead to the loss of lives, properties and resources. It has therefore become important to create easily read, rapidly accessible flood hazard map, which will prioritize the mitigation effects. This study addresses the need for an efficient and cost-effective methodology for preparing flood hazard maps in Ghana, particularly those regions where floods pose a recurrent danger. An additive model was utilized to create a composite flood hazard index of the study area. Taking Northern region as an example, and using available topographical, land cover and demographic data, the study created a district level map indicating flood hazard prone areas. A composite flood hazard index was developed incorporating variables of near distance to the White Volta River, population density, number of towns in each district, area of cultivated savanna (crops), and availability of high ground (Shelter). Also, maximum flood hazard zones were mapped in a GIS environment. The study demonstrated the potentials of GIS applications in flood hazard mapping.