Utilization of plant genetic resources for the improvement of temperate fruit crops

The Himalayas provide suitable ecological niches for the prevalence of large number of temperate fruit germplasm. Seven crab apples (Malus baccata) have been collected from the region and evaluated for horticultural traits. Crab apple from Shillong has been found to possess a high level of resistance against powdery mildew than M. zumi. Its performance as root stock and resistance to woolly aphid is much superior to standard clonal root stocks M9 and MM106. It is compatible with all commercial apple varieties and produces semi-vigorous tree suitable for high density plantation. Wild pear (Pyrus pashia var. Kumaonii) possesses desirable traits like good propagation potential and recommended for root stock in root rot infested areas. Wild kiwi fruit (Actinidia spp.) is small sized and non hairy type which could be utilized for the improvement of existing varieties. It can be used as desirable rootstock. The region also inhabits many Prunus species and indigenous edible temperate fruits, which could be exploited for commercial traits. An unique walnut has been collected which bear fruits both terminally and laterally and therefore, it could be utilized for high density planting.