Haplotype network analysis of wild banana relatives Ensete glaucum, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana based on cpDNA rbcL sequences in ex-situ collection

Conservation and genetic assessment of wild banana relatives is important for future breeding purposes. Haplotype network analysis was conducted to wild banana relatives comprised Ensete glaucum, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana using rbcL gene sequences. Sequences characterization showed high conservation level (91%), low indels (1.83%), and low parsimony informatives (3.51%). However, it was powerfull to separate the dataset at families, genera and species level; and moderately to separate at intraspecies level of wild bananas. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of wild bananas were high. At intraspecies level, both M. acuminata and M. balbisiana showed high haplotype diversity but low nucelotide diversity among haplotypes; M. acuminata has higher value than M. balbisiana. No haplotype and nucleotide diversity in E. glaucum. Wild bananas were separated into seven haplotypes, with four haplogroups. Mutational pathway revealed that E. glaucum haplotype became root; and was closely related to M. balbisiana than M. acuminata. M. acuminata var. malaccensis haplotype became root within all M. acuminata varieties, and each haplotype differed by single point mutation.