Unveiling genotype × environment dynamics for grain yield in QPM hybrids through AMMI, GGE Biplot, and MTSI approach

The study meticulously assessed 77 experimental and eight commercial checks across three distinct Indian locations employing statistical tools: AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction), GGE [genotype main effect+ (G×E)], and MTSI (multi-trait stability index) to identify the best-suited hybrids and for the mega-environment. The environment predominantly shaped hybrid performance, influencing 4.24 to 68.12% of the variance, while genotype and genotype-environment interaction ranged from 13.43 to 37.76% and 18.45 to 57.99%, respectively. GGE biplots identified hybrids G77 (DQL 2490 × DQL 2709) and G85 (DQL 2513 × DQL 2709) as promising in yield and stability, surpassing commercial checks. Impressively, the MTSI technique highlighted these hybrids, alongside 11 others, as elite performers, aligning closely with anticipated stability and mean values. Furthermore, environmental stratification amalgamated the test locales into a singular mega-environmental category. AMMI-derived Yield Stability indices unequivocally endorsed hybrids G77 and G85 for their stability profiles. Crucially, these high-yielding, resilient hybrids not only promise to fortify food and nutritional security but also resonate with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), exemplifying their pivotal role in advancing national nutritional objectives and broader global sustainability targets.