Application of GGE biplot analysis for assessing stability in Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This study was conducted to assess the genetic differences among 87 rice (Oryza sativa L.) recombinant inbred lines (RILs), identify productive environments, and measure the impacts of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) on yield across four locations. The pooled ANOVA showed significant differences among the environments, genotypes, and GEI for grain yield. A graphical method for analyzing experimental data from multiple environments is to consider genotype as the main effect and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot, which visually assesses the total number of genotypes. The first two primary components cumulatively explained 50.9% of the variation in grain yield. GEI is responsible for more than half of the overall variation for this trait. Peshawar and Charsadda form one mega environment, while Swat and Mansehra constitute another mega environment for grain yield. Recombinant inbred lines, AUP-3 and AUP-30 were identified as the highest-yielding, stable, and ideal genotypes across the environments for grain yield.