Elucidation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with high seed protein content using the GGE biplot approach

Rice has low protein content (6-7%), but its seed protein is superior due to better digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. Identification of rice genotypes with naturally rich and constant protein concentrations across environments is an important breeding goal for creating biofortified rice. In this context, the current study was conducted with 20 genotypes selected from the initial panel of 100 diverse genotypes based on their performance for seed protein content (SPC). The field trials were conducted, and the data were generated. GGE biplot analysis was utilized to estimate the stability of the genotypes across sites, offering insights into their performance and adaptability concerning protein content in grain. Significant effects of environment, genotypes, and genotype-environment interaction (GEI) were observed on SPCs. Both crossover and non-cross-over interactions were observed for the trait of interest. Kalinga III was identified as the most ideal genotype for SPC, along with CR Dhan 310 and Kalamahi as desirable genotypes, which can be recommended for breeding programs for developing biofortified rice cultivars to mitigate protein malnutrition.