Investigations were carried out at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, from 1983–84 to 1986–87 to find out the productivity and water use efficiency of different vegetable crops under dryland conditions. The results revealed that based on yield, stability of production and net returns, dolichos, tomato, sweet pepper and lima bean in the decleasing order are efficient and profitable vegetables. In the years of favourable rainfall distribution, okra, cowpea and cluster bean can also be profitably taken. Crops like onion, french bean, brinjal and chilli are not very much suited to dryland conditions.