Global Trends in Solar Energy Research: A Scientometric Review

The global research landscape in solar energy has witnessed remarkable growth over the past three decades, driven by increasing energy demands and the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. This study presents a scientometric analysis of solar energy research, highlighting publication trends, country-wise contributions, institutional collaborations, funding agencies, and thematic research areas aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). China (25.36%) and the USA (17.68%) lead global research output, with significant contributions from India (7.38%), Germany (6.66%), and Japan (6.02%). Key institutions like the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Energy play pivotal roles. At the same time, funding agencies like the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the European Commission have significantly influenced research growth. Leading journals, including Solar Energy and Renewable Energy, have emerged as significant platforms for high-impact publications. Thematic analysis aligns with SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Highly cited articles, particularly those on dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite photovoltaics, reflect breakthroughs in solar cell efficiency and material innovations. Despite impressive growth, challenges such as regional disparities in research funding and limited industry collaboration persist. Future efforts should foster international partnerships, enhance policy support, and increase interdisciplinary research to accelerate solar energy advancements. This study provides valuable insights into the evolution of solar energy research, offering guidance for policymakers, researchers, and funding bodies aiming to drive sustainable energy innovations.