Manufacture Processing of Green Cement (Calcium Sulfo Aluminate (CSA) from Bauxite Residue (Red mud)

Alumina and aluminium processing creates a range of waste products; the most significant being is red mud. The storage of red mud is a major environmental problem due to its caustic nature, which may enhance the alkalinity of the environment and may represent a risk for all living organisms. Opportunities to reuse bauxite residue are being continually researched. In general, bauxite residue is utilized for road constructions, back fill and bricks for building constructions. Sustainable recycling technologies are necessary for the bauxite residue utilization for the recovery of rare earth elements and cement materials. Carbonation or CO₂ sequestration of carbon dioxide is a method pioneered for the bauxite residue is modified to reduce alkalinity. The carbonation of alkaline material is an inexpensive and safe process that leads to the formation of thermodynamically stable products. The use of the carbonation can be an advantageous solution for overcoming problems associated with red mud storage and the emissions of several thousand tons of CO₂ from aluminium manufacturers each year.