A study on distribution of electricity

Safe electricity supply and economic facilities are two basic essential amenities, the community needs on a top priority for healthy living. While provision of safe supplying electricity takes precedence in the order of provision of basic amenities to community, the importance of economic facilities through low cost on required place.

Ever since the beginning of time amen has been faced with the problem of moving himself and the Distribution of Electricity needed for his existence. Hence movement is the common denominator in all the economic activities involving physical goods.

Electrical power is expressed in term of watts (w) and is given by , power is also expressed in terms of kw (kilo watt) (= 1000 w) or MW (mega watt) which is 1000 kw or 1000000w.

Electrical energy is expressed in term of kilowatt hours (kwh). Thus 1 kwh = 1 kw x 1 hour = 1000 watt-hours = 1000 x 60 x 60 watt sec.

Through continuous thinking man has learnt to apply Distributions of Electricity principal through Transformer, Generator to washing machine, Radio, T.V. freeze, Bulbs, tube, machine & other electrical equipment etc. to provide safer and laser movement economically and safely electricity distribution systems occupy important position in every type of households, Agriculture, commercial shops offices, R & D & industries. According to electricity distribution means to supply of Electric power as well as to flow of power, it is the product of voltage, current & cos Φ Voltage, current & cos Φ must be moved from location to location, electricity distribution in Time i.e. it must assure that electricity supply or customer need would require waiting Distribution of electricity is Quality- i.e. it has the responsibility of being sure that each location continually received the correct quality of supply voltage, current and power. Again distribution of electricity is in no space: no any storage space, flowing or passing of electric supply through the wire or conductor to the desired location. It is clear that distribution of electricity is the act of flowing of electricity in time and place utility, a distinct from Generating station which creates from Utility.

Transmission system and distribution networks form two main parts of a power system.

There is a large network of conductors’ between the power station where electricity of is generated and the consumer who actually uses the energy. This network can be broadly divided into two parts- (i) Transmission (ii) Distribution.

Further sub-division under each class will be primary and secondary systems as we shall presently see.

A typical layout of such a system is shown in fig

It is not necessary that all schemes must have all the stages described above. For example in certain cases there may not be any secondary transmission or for that matter no primary distribution may exist in other types of network, some stages being suitably combined.

The distribution network comprises of feeders, distributors, mains, sub mains of service lines for consumers.

Some of the problems which we will have to consider in the following:

Design of transmission system to transmit required power over a given distance

System stability

Design of distribution networks

Substations

EHV transmission

Transmission systems design will require a study of choice with reference to transmission voltage, constants of transmission line performance and design, interference with neighboring communication circuit besides lines insulation and corona proble

Transmission of electrical energy by various systems and their comparison on different bases.