Hybrid multi-hop energy efficient routing mechanism in WSN

Advances in technology recently have enabled the mass production of small sized battery powered sensor nodes. WSNs send information to a central location called base station over wireless interface where data is analyzed and presented to useful applications. The objective of our research work is to extend the WSNs lifetime using a better routing algorithm. Energy efficient routing in WSNs is a challenging task due to the inherent limitations in WSN. The key challenge in WSN is to maximize the lifetime of network using energy aware routing techniques as it is not feasible to replace the batteries of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes after deployment. A routing protocol is said to be energy efficient if it ensures both less energy consumption over time and balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes. In general using single hop communication between the sensor nodes is not the optimum choice. It is beneficial to use multi-hop communication among the sensors. By using multihop routing each node is able to request another connected node to transfer data to the base station and energy consumption is minimized. In cluster based multihop routing protocols in WSN, problems related to energy imbalance appear. Sensor nodes which are close to base station transmit a larger amount of data than the nodes further away from base station. In particular we are interested in isolation of nodes nearby base station from other nodes so that energy consumption can be balanced. In this paper we have presented an improved hybrid routing over the network so that network communication and lifetime will be improved by dealing with hot spot problem.