Pattern of congenital anomalies and risk factors in newborn in a city of a developing country: An observational study

Congenital anomalies are important causes of childhood death, chronic illness and disability in many countries. Congenital anomalies also have long-term disability. It has significant impacts on individuals, families, health-care systems and societies. Data are limited and various factors which result in congenital anomalies can be prevented. This hospital based cross-sectional observational study which was conducted in a Neonatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, J N Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP from January 2015 to December 2015. The incidence of congenital malformation was 2.5%. Majority of the congenital anomalies was associated with musculoskeletal system (58%) followed by cardiovascular (28%) and genitourinary (18%). Least common is respiratory (2%) and gastrointestinal (7%). The present study concluded that congenital anomalies in newborns were associated with maternal factors like maternal age, consanguinity and history spontaneous abortion. Early diagnosis and management can result in better outcome of these newborns with congenital anomalies.