Evaluation of cyst extraction techniques and their effect on biology of Heterodera cajani

Sieving, modified Fenwick-can and Fenwick-can, in the respective order were best for extraction of cysts of Heterodera cajani. A sample size of 50–100 ml was most appropriate for good recovery of cysts. Cyst extraction through flask method or centrifuge method was not satisfactory. For separation of cysts from debris, organic liquids were better than inorganic/sugar solutions, with acetone or acetone + carbon tetrachloride as the most effective. However, hatching was adversely affected in the case of cysts recovered through these organic solutions. In comparison to handpicked cysts, best hatching was obtained from cysts recovered through sugar, followed by sodium chloride and acetone drying of cysts and debris at 25°C. A scheme for extraction and separation of cysts of H. cajuni is given.