Soil temperature regimes and nematode distribution in India

The optimum, basal and upper threshold temperature requirement of most important plant-parasitic nematodes, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera cajani, Hirschmanniella oryzae, Meloidogyne incognita, M javanica, Pratylenchus zeae, Radophoh sitnilis, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in India were related with respective mean soil temperatures of different states. The distribution of nematode and their field problem has been found to be dependent on the mean soil temperatures. The spread of these nematodes to newer places, which possess a favourable temperature, is predicted.