Effect of seed soaking with carbosulfan and triazophos on the penetration and development of Meloidogyne incognita on sunflower

Seed soaking with carbosulfan 25 STD and triazophos 40 EC at 50,100,200 and 400 μg/ml significantly affected penetration and development of Meloidogyne incognita race-1 in sunflower cv. EC 68414. Invasion by juveniles was inversely related to concentration of chemicals. Even lower concentration of 50 pg/ml was significantly effective in reducing penetration and further development of nematode. Penetration at high concentration of 400 μg/ml, of both the chemicals, was negligible. In untreated control, most of the penetrated juveniles developed into females on 21st day, but in chemical treatments, the penetration and development were delayed. Egg production per female was also low by the chemical treatments.