Exploring Osteoarthritis Risk Factors and Preventive Measures among adults: An Exploratory Study

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, particularly among the elderly, and is the leading cause of disability in adults. Knee OA is the most common form, often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as type II diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. The symptoms of OA extend beyond localized pain, affecting overall mobility and quality of life.

This study aims to explore the risk factors and preventive measures for OA among adults in Punjab, with the goal of developing an informational booklet. The specific objectives are to assess the risk factors of OA among adults in Derabassi, Punjab, determine the preventive measures adopted by these adults, find associations between OA risk factors and demographic variables, and develop an informational booklet on OA risk factors, prevention, and management.

A quantitative research approach was employed using a non-experimental exploratory design. The study was conducted in Adarsh Nagar and Shakti Nagar, Derabassi, Distt. Mohali, Punjab. A sample of 100 adults aged 40 years and above was selected using convenience sampling. Data was collected using a validated tool comprising a socio-demographic profile, a self-reported checklist to assess OA risk factors, and a semi-structured questionnaire to explore preventive measures. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics, with Chi-square tests used to find associations between OA risk factors and demographic variables.

The study found that 72% of respondents were at moderate risk for OA, 6% at high risk, and 22% at low risk. The mean risk factor score was 8.53 with a standard deviation of 2.58. Approximately half of the respondents were not practicing preventive measures for OA: 57% neglected physical measures, 51% did not adopt occupational/work measures, and 48% were unaware of dietary measures. Significant associations were found between OA risk factors and gender (p=0.000) and education status (p=0.048).

A significant proportion of adults are at moderate to high risk for OA and are not adequately practicing preventive measures. There is a need for increased awareness and education on OA prevention and management. An informational booklet was developed and disseminated to enhance community awareness and promote preventive strategies for OA.