The Aetiology And Management Of Oral Halitosis: Clinical Perspective

Halitosis refers to the condition of offensive mouth odor. More than 90% of cases of halitosis originate from the oral cavity. The implicated bacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythensis) are located in stagnant areas in the oral cavity, such as the dorsal surface of tongue, periodontal pockets and interproximal areas. Three primary measurement methods of halitosis are organoleptic measurement, gas chromatography and sulphide monitoring. Patients with halitosis may seek treatment from dental clinicians for their perceived oral malodor. Management may include periodontal or restorative treatment or both, as well as simple treatment measures such as instructions in oral hygiene, tongue cleaning and mouth rinsing. Psychosomatic halitosis is more difficult to diagnose and manage, and patients with this condition are often mismanaged in that they receive treatment for genuine halitosis, even though they do not have oral malodor. This paper discusses the common aetiological factors, classification of oral halitosis and its management.