International Journal of Physiology

With the discovery of blood group system, blood transfusion has become routine interventional modality for various blood disorders. Blood grouping and cross matching are pre-requisites to ensure safe compatible transfusion. Many diseases are transmitted during transfusion. This hazards can be minimized by proper donor selection and screening. The present study was conducted to study the physiology of ABO and Rhesus blood group system and its prevalence and correlation with possible transmission of infections during screening in Hassan district.

This retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of a Hassan Institute Medical Sciences for a period of three years from January 2014 to December 2016. The blood was collected from all donors, grouped by standard procedures and was screened for various diseases. The data was be statistically analyzed.

ABO and Rhesus blood group of 14, 413 donors was determined. The most and least prevalent blood group was O positive (39.04%), and AB negative (0.36%) respectively. Prevalence of Rh positive donors (95.32%) was more than Rh negative donors (4.68%). A total of 0.92% was found to be positive for diseases. Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Syphilis are 0.076%, 0.8%, 0.014% and 0.02% respectively. Statistically significant association was found between HIV and Hepatitis B infection with P<0.05). Higher prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis was found in O positive, B negative, A positive and O positive blood group respectively. However subclinical asymptomatic malaria positive donors were not found in present study.

The most prevalent blood group in Hassan population was O positive. The most common Transfusion transmitted infections seen is Hepatitis B infection.