Neutrino Spectrum from the Pair-Annihilation Process in the Hot Stars and the Deviation from the Standard Model

This research deals with the process of energy loss from hot stars by electronpositron annihilation into neutrino pair production. The study is done in the temperature range of [10⁹K-10¹⁰K] under the influence of neutrino electromagnetic parameters and outside the framework of the standard model of particle physics. We will show that the deviation from the standard model with the creation of (v_e v.,) pair is considerably higher than the deviation corresponding to the creation of (vpv_p) pair at the same temperature. This means that most of the energy loss from the hot star is carried by the (vev_e) pairs into outer space away from the interstellar center. This study suggests the need to expand the framework ofthe standard model to include neutrino mass, especially after many experiments showed that the neutrino has a significant non-zero mass.