Exercise as a Remedy for Elderly People: A Review

Age-related changes, including declines in muscular strength, bone density, balance, and metabolic functions, increase the risk of chronic diseases, functional disability, and cognitive decline in elderly individuals. Regular physical activity and structured exercise have been extensively studied for their capacity to mitigate these declines and promote healthy ageing across physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains. This review synthesises evidence from review articles, meta-analyses, and randomised controlled trials examining the effects of exercise on physical health, cognitive function, and mental well-being among older adults. The literature indicates that aerobic, resistance, balance, and multi-component exercise programmes significantly improve strength, mobility, and reduce fall risk. Furthermore, exercise has a positive impact on cognitive performance and mental health. These findings reinforce global recommendations for tailored exercise programmes to enhance quality of life and support healthy ageing.