Genetic Divergence in Mahua (Bassia latifolia) under Semi-Arid Ecosystem of Gujarat

Survey was carried out in the district Panchmahals and adjoining areas to identify the elite genotypes among its population. The study revealed that there was a wide variation among the genotypes. Peak period of flowering was earliest (1^st week of March) in MH 25, while it was delayed in MH 26, MH 29, MH 31 and MH 32 (1^st week of April). MH 32 recorded maximum number of flowers and fruits per fascicle. Early ripening i.e. 4^th week of May was recorded in MH 21, MH 22 MH 27, MH 31 MH 32, and MH 33, while it was noted late (3^rd week of June) in MH 23, MH 28, MH 34 and MH 35. Dry flower yield ranged from 27–48 kg/plant being highest in MH 32. Fruit yield was found to be highest in MH 32 (98.00 kg/plant). The flower Juice was found to be highest (67.00%) in MH 32. Total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and vitamin C content of flowers were the highest in MH 32. Weight of mahua fruit was found to be maximum in MH 34. The seed per cent was found to be maximum in MH 35 (42.91). The total soluble solids, total sugar and vitamin C contents of the fruits were maximum in MH 32. The kernel per cent varied from 74.13–82.68 with highest in MH 24. The highest protein and mineral contents were recorded in MH 34. Fruit yield was found to be positively and significantly associated with flowers and fruits per fascicle, flower weight and flower yield per plant. With respect to all traits studied in thesc genotypes, MH 32, MH 34, MH 35, MH 26, MH 27, MH 23 and MH 33 were found to be promising and would be exploited as potential parents to develop high yielding stable genotypes.