Uniqueness of Animal Genetic Resources Adapted to High Altitude Environment of Leh-Ladakh

In difficult terrain of Ladakh region, where land resources are meager, animal wealth plays an important role in the life of the local people. Common native livestock genetic resources in Ladakh include yak, cattle, dzomo, dzo, goat, sheep, donkeys, horses, double hump camel, etc. For adaptability at cold as well as hypobaric hypoxic condition of Leh-Ladakh, the native animal genetic resources have developed certain physical and physiological adaptations. The physical changes include small statured body, large hair fur, and thick skin while physiological changes include unique circulatory adaptability with enlarged lungs, heart and larger concentration of red blood cells to accommodate the hypobaric-hypoxic environment. These unique traits make these livestock thrive and perform at under low oxygen and temperature; high ultraviolet exposure, and scarce nutrition in lean period.