Vaccines: Purified Macromolecules as Vaccines and DNA Vaccines

Preventive vaccines work to protect an individual from infection or disease by introducing a small component or a nonharmful form of the pathogen (called the foreign antigen) into the body. The body produces an immune response to the pathogen by generating antibodies (via the humoral response), killer cells (via the cell mediated response), or both and development of immunologic memory. We reviewed the recent literature on types of vaccines and older studies were included selectively if historically relevant but none of these vaccines is ideal and can be recommended unrestrictedly therefore, the use of biotechnology could allow cheap production of valuable vaccines, while providing enhanced safety by avoidance of both human and animal viruses or other contaminants. Vaccine have been studied extensively to help eradication the infectious disease and thereby decrease the need for drugs.