1Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
2Professor & HOD, Department of Biochemistry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
4Statistician Cum Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
3Technician, Department of Biochemistry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
Use of tobacco is causing major health problems including cardiovascular problems. Nicotine in tobacco has been attributed to changes in lipid profile. Cotinine is one of the nicotine metabolite.
To estimate serum cotinine (CTN) levels and serum lipid parameters in tobacco smokers and smokeless tobacco users and to compare them with tobacco nonusers.
This cross sectional study was performed in 240 study subjects divided into 4groups-tobacco smokers (G1), smokeless tobacco users (G2), dual tobacco smokers and smokeless tobacco users (G3), and tobacco nonusers (G4). G2 was divided into G2a, G2b, and G2c. Serum CTN levels were estimated using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay kit. Enzymatic methods with commercial kits were used to estimate serum lipid parameters-total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and high density lipid (HDL). Very low density lipid (VLDL) and low density lipid (LDL) were calculated with formula. Chi-square test, unpaired t test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.
Total cholesterol, TG, VLDL & LDL were significantly high and HDL was significantly low in tobacco users than tobacco nonusers (P<0.05). LDL is significantly high in tobacco chewers than smokers (P<0.05). A significant association was found between raised mean serum CTN levels and low HDL (P= 0.019), also with raised total cholesterol, TG, VLDL and LDL (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, TG and VLDL were significantly increasing with duration and amount of tobacco use.
Tobacco users with longer duration of tobacco use with increased levels of serum cotinine have deranged lipid profile which can be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Not only smoking but tobacco chewing also affects lipid profile.
Serum cotinine, lipid profile, tobacco smokers, smokeless tobacco users
